One of the most controversial parenting conversations I come across is how much television young children should be allowed to watch. The topic is heating up right now with the Get Up and Grow report coming from the Australian government, recommending that children under two not be allowed any television at all. This is generating sensationalist headlines in the popular media, probably throwing parents all over the world into a crisis of guilt.
It’s a very different story if you investigate further, which in line with this blog is what I did. If you want the quick version here it is: there is no evidence that young children watching age appropriate television have retarded development, there is no evidence that young children watching age appropriate television have increased development, what is important is that healthy development is being encouraged by the carer.
A no-brainer really. But if you want the longer version keep reading.
It’s normal to worry about this as a parent. We worry about what we put in their bodies at meal time so it’s only natural to worry about what we put in their minds as well. For the most part we all know that children develop through human interaction, physical interaction and creative play, but what we don’t really know is what television adds or subtracts from that. It’s why so many of us look to Doctor Internet for advice and when we read in the media that children who watch television know less words than children who don’t.
Here’s something interesting: there are studies that discovered television viewing was irrelevant when other factors such as the level of the parents education and household income come into play. In other words children of low educated, low income families tend to be slightly less developed than children of higher educated, wealthier families. The fact that the low educated, low income families tended to spend more time in front of the television was possibly largely irrelevant. The studies couldn’t be sure.
I should state at this point that my wife is a primary teacher and so I have access to a lot of literature on this topic. One of the books floating around our house that I have read is this one:
Endangered Minds: Why Children Don’t Think And What We Can Do About It
It’s not a bad read, but she does make statements in one part of it about the influence television has on children and then state later on that there is almost no evidence to support that statement.
The “no evidence” trend goes on the more I look, for example other studies I have read, conducted in the US, continue to support the view that there is no link between television habits in young children and their development as adults. Although some of them imply that they felt there should be, they just couldn’t find the evidence for it.
The only fact that I could find is that none of the studies can be sure. Wilbur Schramm was a noted expert in the field of human communication. He is quoted as stating that “No informed person can say simply that television is bad or that it is good for children” and that “the relationship is always between a kind of television and a kind of child in a kind of situation.” He said that a few years ago but I think that still pretty much sums up the studies being used to justify the ‘no television’ agenda in the media.
This does not mean you can sit your child in front of the television and not worry about it, you still have a responsibility as a parent. There are reasons why you should be concerned with and aware of, the television viewing habits of your child. Firstly media is evolving faster than our ability to understand the impacts of it; your child is being exposed to marketing and technology that didn’t exist when we were children and we have no experience to base our parenting choices on. Secondly, as children develop they learn what influences to take into account when making choices, if you want your children to be influenced by you as a parent more than the marketing team behind Dora the Explorer then you need to put effort in to make sure you are by far the stronger influence.
So if television, all things being equal, and properly managed, is harmless, can it be extended to being beneficial? This would be the argument put forward for buying developmental media such as Baby Einstein. From what I have read those products don’t hurt, but they don’t benefit particularly either. What they may be doing is making parents feel less guilty about sitting their children in front of the television unattended. Essentially creating a guilt free electronic baby sitter.
The final point I would like to look at is the scariest claim of all; watching too much television causes autism. I have a good friend who told me this and because of that she does not allow her children to watch television at all. I looked into the study reported in the mediah, that generated her belief. What it actually showed was that autism in the UK was four times more likely to occur in areas of high rainfall. The correlation being claimed was that higher rainfall equals more time viewing television. I probably don’t need to go into the problems with that any more than to say I think it’s more likely genetic factors are at play here, as opposed to how much it rains.
I guess it would only be fair to end this article by laying my cards on the table. We allow the television to be on, only showing channels that contain no advertising, and only when one of us is present to make the experience more interactive. On my wife’s advice we join in with the television show to encourage movement, language and creative play. I’ve been an owl, a tree, a worm and danced to elephant music, and that was just last week! It works for us and seems to be working for our child, at her last assessment she had extremely high vocabulary skills for a child of her age.
As ever, feedback and comments are welcome.